Exam 36 · 第36回 · 認知症の理解 (Understanding Dementia)
Question 41 問41
認知症（dementia）の人にみられる，せん妄に関する次の記述のうち，最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- ゆっくりと発症する。
- 意識は清明である。
- 注意機能は保たれる。
- 体調の変化が誘因になる。
- 日中に多くみられる。
Translation
Among the following statements about delirium as seen in people with dementia, choose the 1 option that is the most appropriate.
- It develops slowly.
- Consciousness is clear.
- Attention is preserved.
- A change in physical condition triggers it.
- It is mostly seen during the daytime.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: 4
Why 4 is correct
Delirium is triggered by a change in physical condition, such as dehydration, fever, constipation, or the effects of medication. This is why, in caregiving, it is important to first check the person's physical state.
Why 1 is wrong
Delirium does not develop slowly — it starts suddenly, over a short period of hours to days. It is dementia that progresses slowly.
Why 2 is wrong
In delirium, consciousness is not clear. It becomes clouded, and the person may seem vague, getting better or worse at different times of day.
Why 3 is wrong
In delirium, attention is not preserved. Being unable to concentrate on a conversation and becoming easily distracted are features of delirium.
Why 5 is wrong
Delirium is seen more often in the evening and at night than during the daytime (this is called night-time delirium).
Key point
Delirium (せん妄) is often triggered by a change in physical condition, such as dehydration or fever.
Key terms
- せん妄
- A sudden disturbance of consciousness caused by a change in physical condition, causing confusion or agitation.
- 注意機能
- The ability to direct attention to what is needed and keep concentrating on it.
- 誘因
- Something that triggers a symptom.
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Exams 36–38, all 13 subjects, with furigana and an English explanation of every choice. The subject 「認知症の理解」 is free.