Exam 37 · 第37回 · 認知症の理解 (Understanding Dementia)
Question 41 問41
認知症（dementia）の高齢者にみられる，せん妄に関する記述として，適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
- 覚醒レベルが重度に低下した状態である。
- 症状の変動が少ないことが特徴である。
- 夜間よりも日中に生じやすいことが特徴である。
- 認知機能障害がみられることはまれである。
- 関与する因子を特定することが重要である。
Translation
Among the following statements about delirium (せん妄) seen in older people with dementia (認知症), choose the appropriate one.
- It is a state where the level of alertness (覚醒) has dropped severely.
- A feature is that the symptoms change very little.
- A feature is that it happens more easily in the daytime than at night.
- It is rare to see cognitive impairment (認知機能障害).
- It is important to find the factors that are involved.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: 5
Why 5 is correct
Delirium (せん妄) can be caused or triggered by things like dehydration, medicine, infection, pain, or a change in surroundings. Finding and removing these factors is the most important response.
Why 1 is wrong
Delirium (せん妄) is a state of light clouding of consciousness (a mild consciousness disorder). A severe drop in alertness (覚醒), where the person does not wake up, is a different state, such as a coma.
Why 2 is wrong
A feature of delirium (せん妄) is that symptoms change a lot, getting better or worse depending on the time of day. Little change in symptoms is more typical of dementia (認知症).
Why 3 is wrong
Delirium (せん妄) happens more easily at night, and this is called 'nighttime delirium' (夜間せん妄). More care is needed at night than in the daytime.
Why 4 is wrong
In delirium (せん妄), cognitive impairment (認知機能障害) is often seen, such as not being able to keep attention, or talking in a way that does not make sense. It is not rare.
Key point
For delirium (せん妄), it is important to find and remove the causes.
Key terms
- せん妄
- A mild consciousness disorder that starts suddenly. It can show as restlessness, hallucinations, or not making sense, for a short time.
- 覚醒
- Being awake and aware of what is around you.
- 認知機能障害
- Cognitive impairment: a drop in brain functions like memory, attention, and judgment.
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Exams 36–38, all 13 subjects, with furigana and an English explanation of every choice. The subject 「認知症の理解」 is free.