Gaimen Kirikae 外免切替

Gaimen Kirikae written test practice questions (50-question format)

Chapter 4: Before driving a car or a general moped

Questions 41–50

  1. On wet asphalt the friction increases, so the braking distance becomes shorter.
    ぬれたアスファルト路面を走るときは、摩擦抵抗が大きくなるので制動距離は短くなる。
    Show answer and reason

    × False

    On a wet surface friction falls and the braking distance grows. What stops the car is the friction between tyre and road; with less of it, the same speed and the same pedal effort carry you further before you come to rest.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「ぬれたアスファルト路面を走るときなどは、摩擦抵抗が小さくなり制動距離が長くなります。」

  2. The centrifugal force grows as the radius of the curve becomes smaller.
    遠心力の大きさは、カーブの半径が小さいほど大きくなる。
    Show answer and reason

    ○ True

    At the same speed, the tighter the curve the harder you are thrown outward. Centrifugal force also rises with the square of speed, so entering a tight curve fast stacks the two factors and makes sliding outward far more likely.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「遠心力の大きさは、カーブの半径が小さいほど大きくなり、速度の2乗に比例して大きくなります。」

  3. How a load is stacked — whether it raises the centre of gravity or shifts it to one side — has no bearing on the car's stability in a curve.
    荷物の積み方で重心の位置が高くなったり片寄ったりしても、カーブでの車の安定には関係しない。
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    × False

    Centrifugal force acts at the vehicle's centre of gravity. Raise that point or push it off to one side and the same force works far harder to tip the body over. How you stack a load bears on stability in a curve just as speed does.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「このため、荷物の積み方が悪く重心の位置が高くなつたり、片寄つたりすると自動車は倒れやすくなります。」

  4. To take a curve safely you must brake early on the straight before the curve and get the speed well down.
    安全にカーブを回るためには、カーブに入る前の直線部分で早目にブレーキを掛け、十分に速度を落としておく必要がある。
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    ○ True

    Braking inside the curve makes the tyres do two jobs at once — resisting the centrifugal force and slowing the car — and that is when they let go sideways. Finish the slowing while you are still travelling straight.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「安全にカーブを回るためには、カーブに入る前の直線部分で早目にブレーキを掛け、十分速度を落としておく必要があります。」

  5. The impact force in a collision is determined by speed alone and has nothing to do with the vehicle's weight.
    衝突したときの衝撃力は速度によって決まり、車の重量とは関係がない。
    Show answer and reason

    × False

    Impact force rises with both speed and weight, and it rises further the shorter the time over which the impact acts — as when you hit something hard. A car made heavier by its load produces a bigger impact at the same speed.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「衝撃力は速度と重量に応じて大きくなり、また、固い物にぶつかるときのように、衝撃の作用が短時間に行われるほどその力は大きくなります。」

  6. Hitting a concrete wall at 60 km/h subjects you to about the same impact as a fall from a height of about 14 metres — roughly the fifth floor of a building.
    時速60キロメートルでコンクリートの壁に激突した場合は、約14メートルの高さ(ビルの5階程度)から落ちた場合と同じ程度の衝撃力を受ける。
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    ○ True

    60 km/h is an everyday speed on ordinary roads, yet striking something as unyielding as a wall delivers the force of a fall from the fifth floor. An ordinary speed does not make the outcome of a crash ordinary.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「例えば、時速60キロメートルでコンクリートの壁に激突した場合は、約14メートルの高さ(ビルの5階程度)から落ちた場合と同じ程度の衝撃力を受けます。」

  7. If the speed doubles, both the braking distance and the impact force double.
    速度が2倍になれば、制動距離も衝撃力も2倍になる。
    Show answer and reason

    × False

    Braking distance, centrifugal force and impact force all rise with the square of speed: double the speed and they quadruple, not double. A speed you think you have raised only slightly stretches the stopping distance and magnifies the crash by much more than that.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「速度が2倍になれば、制動距離、カーブで車の横滑りや転倒をさせようとする力、交通事故の大きさに関係する衝撃力は、2倍になるのではなく、4倍になります。」

  8. When using the road, try to reduce traffic pollution — for instance by avoiding unnecessary sharp starts, sharp braking and revving the engine while stationary.
    道路を通行するときは、不必要な急発進や急ブレーキ、空ぶかしを避けるなど、交通公害を少なくするよう努める。
    Show answer and reason

    ○ True

    Many residents suffer from vehicle exhaust, noise and vibration. A sharp start or a burst of revving lands directly on the people who live there. This section also lists obeying speed limits and load limits as ways of cutting traffic pollution.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「道路を通行するときは、最高速度や積載制限などの規制を守り、不必要な急発進や急ブレーキ、空ぶかしを避けるなど交通公害を少なくするよう努めましよう。」

  9. Even when photochemical smog is likely to occur, there is no need to hold back from using your car.
    光化学スモッグが発生するおそれがあるときでも、自動車の使用を控える必要はない。
    Show answer and reason

    × False

    When photochemical smog has formed or is likely to, you should hold back from using the car. Exhaust contains carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and other substances harmful to the body, and these are one of the causes of the air pollution behind it.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「大気汚染により、光化学スモッグが発生したときや発生するおそれのあるときは、自動車の使用を控えましよう。」

  10. Because a mini-car has an engine of 50 cc or less, it is a kind of general moped.
    ミニカーは、総排気量50cc以下の原動機を持つ車なので、一般原動機付自転車の一種である。
    Show answer and reason

    × False

    Despite its small displacement, a mini-car counts as an ordinary motor vehicle. In the seating-capacity table it appears inside the ordinary-car row, with a capacity of one. Judging it a moped from the displacement figure alone gets both the licence you need and the rules you must follow wrong.

    Source: Rules for Road Use, Ch.4 Sec.5 "安全運転に必要な知識など"

    「注6 ミニカー……総排気量については50cc以下、定格出力については0.60キロワット以下の原動機を有する普通自動車をいいます。」

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